Scientific articles

Recommended scientific articles

Human clinical study in MS
Duscha A, et al. Propionic Acid Shapes the Multiple Sclerosis Disease Course by an Immunomodulatory Mechanism. Cell 2020; 180(6): 1067-1080

Review on the use of propionate in MS
Tobin D,et al. Review: The Nutritional Management of Multiple Sclerosis With Propionate. Front. Immunol. 2021 Jul 28; 12: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.676016

Microbiome in MS
Takewaki D, et al. Alterations of the gut ecological and functional microenvironment in different stages of multiple sclerosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020; 117(36): 22402-22412
The effect of propionate on the immune system and effect in MS models
Haase S, et al. Impacts of microbiome metabolites on immune regulation and autoimmunity.  Immunology 2018; 154(2): 230-238
Smith PM, et al. The microbial metabolites, short-chain fatty acids, regulate colonic Treg cell homeostasis. Science 2013; 341(6145): 569-573.

MS and the gut
MS and the gut – maybe its time to get specific